RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the protective effects of melatonin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Study Design: Laboratory based randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Clinico Pathologic Laboratory, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Apr to Jun 2015
Material and Methods: Eighteen rabbits were divided into three groups, each consisting of six rabbits. Baseline serum urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium were measured. Rabbits were weighed for dose calculation. A single dose of cisplatin 10mg/kg was given as I/P injection to the toxic group. The protective group received 5 mg/kg I/P melatonin for three days. Rabbits were sacrificed 72 hours after the cisplatin dose and both kidneys were sent for histopathology. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and SPSS version 21. Student's t-test and one way ANOVA, followed by 'Post Hoc Tukey' test was used for biochemical parameters, while Chi Square' test was used for histopathological comparison
Results: Moderate nephrotoxicity [grade-II] was seen in the toxic group, with substantial elevations of serum urea and creatinine [p<0.001], and serum sodium and potassium [p<0.01]. Melatonin ameliorated the renal injury
Conclusion: The protective effects of melatonin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were due to its antioxidant properties
RESUMO
Objective: To determine the frequency of ear diseases among the medical students of Isra University
Study design: A Descriptive, Cross sectional study
Place and duration: E.N.T department Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, in two years; from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2012
Methodology: All medical students of Isra University Hyderabad who visited E.N.T department for complaints related to ears were selected for this study. We did a thorough ENT examination with particular emphasis on otological examination including pneumatic otoscopy, valsalva meanouvre, hearing assessment with tunning fork [512 Hz]. Data were extracted on especially designed proforma and Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16
Results: 500 students were included in the study; 303 [61%] were females and 197 [39%] were males. Mean age was 22.7 and standard. Deviation +/- 1.521 range from 19 to 27 years. Majority of patients were diagnosed as having impacted wax [29%] or otomycosis [24%]. Some patients [22%] presented with vague otological symptoms but after a complete examination, no ear pathology was found. Majority of patients complained of earache [57%], hearing Impairment [56%] and aural heaviness or blockage [38%]
Conclusion: Although traumatic and infectious diseases of external and middle ear were found, but impacted wax and otomycosis were the most common diseases among the medical students of Isra university